The ESR is an easy to use tool. You will find that in this section it is briefly described the operations you must perform in order to correctly acquire the electronic configuration of the correspondent chemical element.

It is wise to mention that the ESR meets the three basic principles to acquire the element’s electronic configuration. These principles are described as follows so as to have better knowledge of the topic.

Pauli Exclusion Principle

In one orbital there can exist up to two electrons of opposite spin which is a reason why the existence of two electrons in the same atom to have the same four quantum numbers is not possible.

Auf-Bau principle or rule

Each new electron that is added to an atom will enter an available orbital of minimal energy.

Maximum multiplicity principle or Hund’s rule

Within a sub-level, the first electrons occupy separate orbital and have parallel spin because electrons enter one by one in the orbital containing the same energy.

Following, when the orbitals of the sub level are completed with one electron, then each orbital becomes saturated by receiving another electron with a negative spin. This process is done in an orderly manner.

Electronic configurations

To facilitate the calculation process of the electronic configuration of any chemical element, it is recommended to read the basic principles described previously in order to obtain a better understanding of the topic.

THE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION CALCULATION PROCEDURE

* Calculate the electronic configuration of any chemical element by downloading your free sample of the Electronic Structure Ruler.

1. Consult the symbol or atomic number of the element that you wish to calculate its electronic configuration.

2. Consulting the ESR, identify the element from which you would like to calculate its electronic configuration by way of its symbol or corresponding atomic number.

3. Determine the chemical element’s electronic configuration by writing down the number and type of the orbital from the beginning of the rule to conclude in the corresponding differential electron of the element.

Example:

Kernel configuration

* Calculate the Kerne electronic configuration of any chemical element by downloading your free sample of the Electronic Structure Ruler.

Kernel Configuration, which objective consists in determining the electronic configuration or the energetic diagram of an element by parting from a noble gas, it’s an abbreviation technique for those elements which atomic number is very high.

Note:

Noble gases are identified by the yellow color through all the ESR.

THE KERNEL ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS CALCULATION PROCEDURE

1. Consult the symbol or atomic number of the element that you wish to calculate its Kernel configuration.
2. Consulting the ESR, identify the element from which you would like to calculate its Kernel configuration by way of its symbol or corresponding atomic number.
3. Look for the closest noble gas (yellow) to the left of the selected element. The noble gas has to be of a less atomic number from that of the element which its Kernel configuration is desired.
4. Determine the Kernel configuration of the element by noting first the chosen noble gas symbol. Parting from such symbol, write the number and the type of orbital that continues to the right of the noble gas until concluding in the differential electron corresponding to the element from which its electronic structure is being calculated.

Chlorine: Cl^«17»
Kernel Configuration: [Ne] , 3s²,3p⁵

Silver: Ag^«47»
Kernel Configuration: [Kr] , 5s²,4d⁹

Plutonium: Pu^«94»
Kernel Configuration: [Rn] , 7s²,5f⁶